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Guide to using Music Library equipment

Tips on which AV items suit certain needs and on how to use the equipment

Introduction to recording audio

To start, you'll need a microphone and a way to connect it to your recording device, whether it's a computer, an audio interface, or a portable recorder. Recording for an audition or recital requires a setup that focuses on capturing clear sound.  

Setting up a microphone

Begin by attaching the microphone to a mic stand, ensuring it's at the right height for your instrument. It's important to position your microphone(s) to capture the full range of your/your instrument's sound.

Next, connect the microphone to your recording device using the appropriate cable. The most common microphone cable connection is 3-pin XLR (often simply called an XLR cable). Certain microphones may instead use a USB cable connection. Once connected, check that your recording device recognizes the microphone and is ready to capture audio. Remember to do a quick sound check before recording to ensure the microphone is picking up the sound clearly and without distortion. 

Not all microphones include cables, it is best to verify with Music Library staff or ask for further assistance if needed.

Recording with a microphone vs. portable audio recorder

A microphone is a device that captures sound and converts it into an electrical signal, while an audio recorder is a device that records and stores audio in a digital format directly onto the recording device.

Most microphones cannot convert the signal to digital or store data on its own. Microphones will require a system to be plugged into (most often a computer), whereas a portable audio recorder has microphones built into the device itself. Portable audio recorders often have small speakers and/or include a headphone port for immediate playback, and may need a separate storage/memory card to record. 

A note on podcasting

USB mics are a popular choice for podcasting and connect directly to your computer. If your podcast will feature multiple participants and you would like to record each person with own microphone, you will need an audio interface or a mixer.

An audio interface will include higher-quality sound components to allow the computer to properly connect to the microphone. Both audio interfaces and mixers allow for the connection of XLR microphones. Mixers generally have a higher number of separate channels than audio interfaces.

Condenser vs. dynamic microphones

Here is some information about the different types of microphones available at the Music Library.

Condenser microphones: 

  • Need extra power to operate. This power can come from one of two sources:
    • 48V phantom power enabled devices, such as audio interfaces or mixers. Devices with phantom power send the required power through the XLR cable connection to the microphone
    • A separate external power source, such as an internal battery or dedicated microphone power plug
  • Generally more sensitive and better suited to controlled recording environments

Dynamic microphones: 

  • Do not need a separate power source to operate and do not need phantom power
  • Generally more “rugged” and better suited for loud or outdoor recording environments

Note: XLR-connected microphones should plug into an audio interface or a mixer before connecting to a computer.

Common microphone polar response patterns

Cardioid

  • A microphone with a unidirectional characteristic that picks up sound in the front (where the microphone "points")
  • The polar pattern looks vaguely like a wide heart

Super-cardioid

  • A microphone with sensitivity for the front (where the microphone "points") as well as some sensitivity in the rear (directly opposite of where the microphone points) that does not pick up much sound from the side
  • The polar pattern looks similar to a cardioid pattern (wide heart) but has an added small area of sensitivity at the back of the microphone

Omnidirectional

  • A microphone that picks up sound from all directions
  • The polar pattern for omnidirectional microphones is a circle

 

Location and contacts

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Music Library Staff
Contact:
Marvin Duchow Music Library
Elizabeth Wirth Music Building
3rd floor - 527 Sherbrooke Street West
Montreal, Quebec H3A 1E3
514-398-4695
Website
Subjects: Music

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