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Modern European History

Research guide for sources in modern European and British history

Primary Sources

What are primary sources?

Primary sources are original documents and objects created at the time being studied, such as diaries, newspaper accounts, letters, governmental records, or drawings. Any record that documents a past event can be considered a primary source.

Where can I find primary sources? 

You can find primary sources in libraries, museums, and archives, including McGill's Rare Books and Special Collections Library (located on the 4th floor of the McLennan Library building). You can also find digitized primary sources online in library databases, such as those linked below, as well as in digitized collections, such as McGill's Digital Exhibitions & Collections.

You can also find primary sources in print and eBooks through the library. Historians and other scholars often bring together (and, when necessary, translate) primary sources in collections called sourcebooks (sometimes spelled source books), readers, or anthologies. You can systematically search for these in the Library Catalogue by using subject headings. Try combining keywords on your topic with the word sources (which demarcate primary sources) in a subject heading search. For example:

  • su: feminism France history sources
  • su: World War, 1914-1918 Germany sources
  • su: Inquisition Spain sources

General & Thematic Collections

Newspapers

Find more historic newspapers on the Newspapers Subject Guide.

Periodicals

Government Documents

Exploration, Imperialism, and Colonialism

The Enlightenment

Print and ebooks

By author

To find print and ebooks by important Enlightenment thinkers, search for them in the Library Catalogue using the author field (au:) and inverting first and last names. For example:

By subject

You can also try searching the catalogue by subject heading (su:) to find primary sources associated with the Age of Enlightenment. The subject heading code for primary sources is "sources". The catalogue will return both books as well as databases. Try searches like these:

You can further sort results by language, year published (if you want original publications as opposed to critical editions), and format (print book, ebook).

McGill Rare Books & Special Collections

RBSC includes:

  • David Hume Collection
  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau Collection
  • Voltaire Collection

And more items from the Age of Enlightenment. To learn more, visit the History of Ideas webpage.

Slavery and Anti-Slavery

Women, Gender, and Sexuality

World Wars

Cold War

For more Cold War resources, esp. government documents, see the course guide for HIST 438: Topics in Cold War History.

McGill Rare Books & Special Collections

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