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Evidence-Based Practice Resources - Interactive Guide

Definition (Synopses of syntheses

A thumbnail version of the 6s pyramid with the pale red Synopses of Syntheses level highlighted.

Synopses of Syntheses

synthesis or systematic review is a comprehensive summary of all the research evidence related to a focused clinical question. It involves a multi-step process in which the question is formulated, the relevant studies are identified and appraised for study quality, relevant study findings are extracted and synthesised either quantitatively (in the form of meta-analysis) or non-quantitatively, and conclusions are drawn.

DiCenso, A., Bayley, L., & Haynes, B. (2009). Accessing pre-appraised evidence: fine tuning the 5S model into a 6S model. Evidence-Based Nursing, 12(4), 99-101.

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Synopses of syntheses

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Systems is the top level of the 6s pyramid. Example: evidence-based clinical information system. This level of the pyramid is grey on the image being described.
Summaries are the second level from the top of the 6s pyramid. Examples: practice guideline, evidence summary. This level of the pyramid is yellow on the image being described.
Synopses of syntheses are the third level from the top of the 6s pyramid. Example: pre-appraised systematic review. This level of the pyramid is pale red on the image being described.
Syntheses are the fourth level from the top of the 6s pyramid. Example: systematic review. This level of the pyramid is pink on the image being described.
Synopses of single studies are the second level from the bottom of the 6s pyramid. Example: pre-appraised single study. This level of the pyramid is blue on the image being described.
Single studies is the bottom level of the 6s pyramid. Example: randommized controlled trial, cohort study. This level of the pyramid is green on the image being described.

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